Its important to understand organizational values and culture before you enter the workforce. Your email address will not be published. There are no staff personnel to advice line officers. The only problem with a credit card is that it will usually carry a high APR. Economical: . Line authority means giving the person a particular amount of control for specific tasks. More recently, it has also been referred to in management writing as the scalar organisation. Clearly defined rights and responsibilities of all managers and employees create conditions for quick decision-making. However, a line and staff. For example, the functional structure provides all authority to the manager. There is scope for favouritism. Expensive: This type requires the appointment of a large number of experts involving heavy expenditure. Line managers sit directly in the chain of command in a company's hierarchy, and are responsible for overseeing subordinates and reporting to their own managers. Image Guidelines 4. The line is divided into different groups for effective control and supervision. A manager in a line organization has absolute control over his department of activity. It requires high capital to recruit experts for the training of staff. Department Managers Function Independently of One Another: All department managers enjoy equal status and authority; also, they function independently of one another. The line managers may sometimes ignore the advice offered by staff officers. Ideally, it distributes the power, supports knowledge sharing, and encourages employee accountability. In setting the departments, the similarity of function is taken into account. In smaller organizations, where the work is streamlined and tasks are assigned, its the most effective way to achieve your goals. The business is dependent upon some key persons and the sudden disappearance of such persons from the scene may create instability in the business. The line organisation can be of two types, viz. Advantages of Line Organizational Structure. No, he cannot have any direct communication with the said subordinate. Storage Discipline: The vertical arrangement of authority and the singleness of responsibility ensures excellent discipline. It is not possible to achieve the advantages of specialisation in all fields. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. (d) Limited Communication In this type, there is no communication from subordinates upwards and the workers should follow the orders of superiors, without expressing any opinion about the orders communicated to them. (ix) Lines of authority are vertical i.e. Subordinates have no freedom to do their job. ii. Using the website without changing the cookie settings means that they will be stored on your end device. And because the army is known to be organized on the same pattern, it is also called military organization.. Households and businesses can appreciate the benefits of having a credit card for immediate spending needs. Line and staff officers and managers must understand each others work scope and not try to interfere. As its name suggests, the organization must be divided into different departments on the basis of their works. The number of subordinates should be such that they are properly supervised. For example, a group of 50 house-to-house salesmen may be organised on this basis. Find out more about aline organizational structurewith examples. In this blog, we'll explore six benefits of Change Management when . Advantages of Line Organisation: ADVERTISEMENTS: Line organisation offers the following advantages: (a) It is simple to operate and easy to understand. He does not have to carry out orders of two or more managers, thus clearing any confusion about whose orders to give priority in performance. No one can exchange their duty to others nor can they avoid it. Staff experts in specific areas are incorporated into the formal chain of command. (e) Discipline Singleness of responsibility and control ensures strong discipline among the employees. z o.o. Authority flows vertically from top level person to all the persons responsible for the execution of work. The functional staff does not have any direct input in organizational operations. Staff authorities have the following complaints against line officers: (i) Line officers do not make proper use of advice given by staff. Moreover, there is a benefit of specialization, as in work is divided between the line and staff executives, and they focus on their respective area. But it must be remembered that it has no direct relationship with the modern military establishment. What happens when a department manager wants to pass some message to a subordinate in another department? General Manager. (d) Scope for favouritism There may be a good deal of nepotism and jobbery. In this way, responsibility is easily fixed. Line organisation is easy to operate and less expensive. Employees are expected to work on the same tasks without upskilling or learning about other aspects of the business. It requires recruiting specialized employees who offer guidance to the line and staff officers. Both are equally important to an organization. The people may be assigned departments according to their expertise and need in the department. While many organizations follow a line organization system, a line and staff system is not suitable for small businesses. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (vitag.Init = window.vitag.Init || []).push(function () { viAPItag.display("vi_1628583994") }). 8. And, every employee is directly responsible to his immediate superior. iv. military, vertical, scalar, departmental organization. about What Fabric Choices Work Best for Printed Dresses? This means relying a little too much on their individual capability, knowledge and experience. 2. Line organization is simple to design, understand and operate. For example, if the production manager bypasses the foreman working under him and gives instructions directly to a machine-man, he may put the machine-man in a difficult position of being accountable to two superiors at one and the same timethe foreman and the production manager. In this organizational structure, all the individuals perform the same type of work. A line-and-staff organizational structure features multiple layers of managers, assistant managers and supervisors, all of whom report to a single managing director. (f) Flexibility This type of organisation is elastic. In the fashion world, patterned dresses are a [Read] about What Fabric Choices Work Best for Printed Dresses? It can be easily understood by the employees. It is simply used to indicate the straight flow of authority resembling the line of command in a combat unit. Since they are to take decisions with regard to every aspect of business, the quality of decisions may suffer. Your email address will not be published. A line-staff organizational structure attempts to render a large and complex enterprise more flexible without sacrificing managerial authority. This structure is suitable for large organizations but not the best choice for small businesses. (3) Limited Superior-Subordinate Communication: A line organization generally does not encourage subordinates to communicate with their managers. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The officers will have to depend heavily on subordinates for advice. The leaders follow the line, staff, and functional authority. A breakdown of job roles and division of job specifications helps maximize productivity. Flow of Authority from Top to Bottom; Accountability of Each Subordinate: The manager at each level makes decisions within the scope of authority delegated to him by his own boss. Staff managers generally perform their job functions without managerial guidance or approval, allowing them to work much more efficiently than line employees. from top to bottom. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Simplicity: Line organisation is simple to establish and can be easily understood by the employees. When we draw the line it is always straight the only point is it can be either be drawn vertically or horizontally and in the case of the company that follows the line organization structure same thing applies. Again, even within a department, there may be several sub-departments. Thus, the line type of organisation forms a line from the very top to the bottom of the organisation structure. There should be a hierarchical arrangement of giving commands. Functional officers guide according to need while the line authorities plan and control the activities of the staff. Prohibited Content 3. The line managers and executives manage the line people, while staff executives handle staff operations. The ultimate authority for taking all decisions lies with line officers. However, there is a risk: in this structure the functions of managers sometimes overlap and when a problem arises it is difficult to determine whose fault it is. One person should get orders from one supervisor only. In case, the manager of one department wishes to issue guidance or directions to a subordinate in another department, he will go up the line and convey the message to the top manager who will then pass it down the line in the other department. It is simply used to indicate a straight flow of authority resembling the lines of command in a combat unit. Flexibility 6. Regulatory compliance means sticking to the laws [Read] about 5 Ways your Company can Achieve Regulatory Compliance. Thus if the Finance Manager has to convey something to a superintendent in the production department, he will have to send the word upwards to the General Manager and the General Manager will then pass it down to the Production Manager and the Production Manager will further pass it down to the Superintendent concerned. Academic library - free online college e textbooks - info{at}ebrary.net - 2014 - 2023. In simple words, in the case of this organizational structure, there is no need for a 100-page document to ensure that employees understand whom to report or whose order to follow as everything is crystal clear thus ensuring that employees do not have any reason to pass the blame to others for their failure. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of . Their boss is the foreman to whom they communicate their problems and suggestions and from whom they receive their orders. Staff officers do not have the authority to implement their opinions and recommendations without the line officers approval. Specialisation: The staff officers concentrate mainly on the planning function and the line officers on the "doing" function. Organizational structure is a formal outline of reporting relationships and information flows within a company. The hierarchy is different in each of them. Lundy, It is characterised by direct lines of authority flowing from the top to the bottom of the organisational hierarchy and lines of responsibility flowing in an opposite but equally direct manner.. Autocratic Leadership 4. In line organisation final decision-making is done by the top management. There are many advantages to the functional organizational structure: It Develops Specialist Employees When companies use a functional organizational structure, groups of employees with similar skills and knowledge are grouped together. Maintain Discipline 4. Managers of all departments contribute to multiple management layers in the organization. Each foreman works independently, without any formal line of authority or responsibility with other foremen and takes orders from his superior or superintendent to whom he is directly responsible. Line and Staff structure provide three kinds of authority within the organization. 2. Employees are fully aware of the boundaries of their jobs. Features of Line Organisation 2. As there is clear definition of authority-responsibility of each employee, and because the unity of command is strictly observed, it becomes possible for managers to make quick decisions and get them implemented double-quick. Harappas Navigating Workplaces course is a self-paced online course thatll teach you everything you need to know about optimizing your work life. There is a scope for favouritism in line organisation. Flexibility- Since each departmental head has sole responsibility for his department, he can easily adjust the organization to changes in business situation. Content Filtration 6. (iv) There is scalar chain in line organization. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The process of rating an organization's practices, processes, and products against the best of the world is known as: A. webworking. (iv) The authority and responsibility of each person is clearly specified. And others may be good at execution but not so when it. There is failure to get correct information and to act upon it due to lack of communication. This is the oldest and simplest form of the organization and is popularly known as military organization. For example, quality control officers may guide the production department in improving the stability of the product. Although there is communication from top to bottom there is usually no communication from the lower ranks to higher ranks and executives. It represents a direct vertical relationship through which authority flows. The following are the main drawbacks of this system: 1. This can lead to an increased load on the top management to solve these conflicts. (ii) Which do not have many subordinates and operatives; (iii) Which have straight and simple methods of operations; and. Specialization. Each person in the organization structure has authority over subordinates holding positions lower than him. (4) There is no question as to responsibility or authority. Moreover, it is easily understood by workers. So, learning more about different organizational structures, stakeholders and power structures will help you navigate your workplace. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Is working for a manufacturing company right for you? The work load of executives goes on increasing with the expansion and diversification of the unit. Members of the . The subordinates do not convey their reactions or the reactions of workers to the superiors. (b) It facilitates unity of control and the presence of scalar principle. This is known by different names, i.e. The advice of staff should be realistic and practicable. about Can a Healthy Lifestyle Save Money on Life Insurance? Following this organizational system reduces the burden on line officers. For instance, a senior manager can discuss ideas and goals with a chief supervisor. Your email address will not be published. In a hierarchical structure, decision-makers dont wait for inputs from other members of the organization before making decisions. Its a simple, no-fuss setup where you know exactly who youre reporting to. The general manager is in charge of all the departments and he can easily co-ordinate the work of various departments. David Ingram has written for multiple publications since 2009, including "The Houston Chronicle" and online at Business.com. A line organization is easy to establish. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. What is Strategy Implementation and How To Implement it? 9. 1. In spite of many limitations, the importance of line organisation cannot be minimised. vi. Hierarchy of Authority Levels 7. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Simplicity. Thus, this system can be successfully practised where: (a) The business is carried on a small scale with a small number of subordinates and operatives. The traditional chain of command makes decision-making more complex and does not allow for much flexibility. Business Models & Organizational Structure. (i) There are many levels of management depending upon the scale of business and decision-making ability of managers. This finding underscores the increasingly recognized need for companies to improve their I&D engagement with core-business managers. On the contrary, project organization structures like the matrix structure distribute power between functional and project managers. A flat structure elevates each employee's responsibility inside the organization and eliminates excess management layers to improve coordination and communication. The links in the chain of command should not be skipped. The open office arrangement has the fantastic benefit of enhancing business culture. The advantages are noted below. This line system is not without disadvantages. Line managers are vital to the success of any growing business. Line organization enables the staff to work more toward the execution of tasks. Due to the fact that decision-making authority is. Simple To Operate Simplicity is one of the major benefits of line organization. Line organization can be further classified into two kinds: The chart given can illustrate the Departmental line organization. Managers have to involve themselves in jobs of different nature. The chain of command goes from top to bottom. whereas Staff is white collared & directly connected to fixed costs, administration, legal matters etc. This type of organisation is in accordance with the principle of scalar chain. In line organisation, each department is generally a complete self- sustaining unit. line-staff organization, in management, approach in which authorities (e.g., managers) establish goals and directives that are then fulfilled by staff and other workers. The Line Viewpoint. Similarly, each person derives authority from the superior above him. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. There is less probability of conflict. immediate boss. The advantages of a divisional structure include the following: each specialty area can be more focused on the business segment and budget that it manages; everyone can more easily know their responsibilities and accountability expectations; customer contact and service can be quicker; and coordination within a divisional grouping is easier, 2. Having a three-way authority system in the company facilitates expansion and growth. A line of credit is usually cheaper than using a credit card. It is also easy to explain to the workers. Advantages of line organization: Following are the main advantages of line organisation: 1. Quick Decisions: . Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. (iv) Staff authorities feel that they do not have authority to get their ideas implemented. Hence, there is no contact between Sales Manager and the workers. There is thus a hierarchical arrangement of authority. (ii) There is vertical flow of authority and responsibility. Advantages and Disadvantages of Line Organization Advantages are: 1. The direct relationship is prevailing between the sub-ordinate and immediate superior. about How does a Valuator Value a Business? Fewer levels between employees . According to Allen, Organizationally, the line is the chain of command that extends from the board of directors through the various delegations and re-delegation of authority and responsibility to the point where the primary activities of the enterprise are performed.. (ii) Every person is in in charge of persons working under him. 2. The first and foremost advantage of line organization is that it is very simple to understand and implement in the organization and hence there is no need to give extensive training to employees about the structure of the organization as all employees will know that flow of authority will be in a line and that too from top to bottom so there is For example, the person heading the IT department will have the education and skill necessary to shoulder this responsibility and successfully run his team. Having specialized staff managers on board can help to bring clarity to extraneous legal, tax and other issues. Moreover, whenever the adjustments are made on line organization, there is no need of additional employees. Similarly, they can not devote time to supervise their subordinates. On the contrary, modern approaches strive to enhance employee autonomy and avoid micromanagement. Instability: As the success of the system mainly depends upon the ability of one or two persons, the whole organization shall upset and collapse if they leave the enterprise. Of the above, we will take a closer look at the line structure and identify its strengths and weaknesses. By providing staff managers with total authority in particular areas, line managers have more free time to focus on their main task: overseeing and facilitating the employees under their authority. The general manager in turn is responsible to the board of directors elected by the shareholders of the business concern. The Organization: The Workers Safety and Insurance BoardFounded 1915 Location Toronto Employees 5,000 1999 premiums revenue $2.7 million 1999 benefits . Continue with Recommended Cookies. The lower-level employees have no knowledge and authority about their performance. 7. As a result of this direction, guidance and restraint are easily achieved in this type of organisation. Line organization is the oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. Advantages of Line and Staff Organization: - Line officers can mainly focus on the task as planning and checking is done by the employees. (c) It enables clear cut definition of authority and responsibility. (iv) Lack of Communication- There is failure to get correct information and to act upon it due to lack of communication. (iv) Which are engaged in the work which is largely of a routine nature. The message can be passed on only through the manager who has the authority over both the departments. Each organizational structure has its specific characteristics. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Your email address will not be published. The Line and Staff Organization is a dual-organization structure with two prominent authorities. There are no supportive units for accounting, labour, etc. All organizations follow specific organizational structures to run the company smoothly. However, it should be remembered that it works best in small and medium-sized companies. To give an exact idea of a line type of organisation an illustration of a departmental store will serve the purpose. 2. The top-level manager can take decisions according to requirements without taking technical suggestions from experts and specialists. (ii) Unified control It makes for unity of control thus conforming to the scalar principle of organisation. He has to take various decisions by himself. Line managers can work more efficiently with staff managers handling specialized functions. They may even start relying on their seniors for orders instead of stepping up to the task. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Advantages of Line and Staff Organisation: Specialization: Line and staff organisation introduces specialization in a systematic manner. Line should value the special skills of staff and similarly the staff should try to appreciate the difficulties in implementing new ideas. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. (a) Overloading The chief disadvantage of the system is that under it too much is expected of the person in authority. Heres a breakdown of the power in each. In a line organization, the responsibility for the performance of tasks is fixed upon definite individuals. They judge the performance of persons according to their own likings. Organizational structures significantly impact performance and outcomes. 4. Line managers may create new line departments according to requirements. This is the oldest form of organization. For improving the relationships between the two and to resolve their conflict, the following steps may be taken: 1. No employee has more than one manager to order him and no manager can order an employee who is not his subordinate. Everybody is responsible for his work and is accountable to his boss. The sales department can be further sub-divided into Counter Sales, Branch Sales, On Line Sales and Export. Advantages Of Line Organization A line organizational structure has many advantages but they depend on the type of business and number of employees. . Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 7. Many subordinates do so because they lack ability to judge whether the decision is right or wrong, but the mischievous ones among them may carry out even apparently wrong decisions to pinpoint the incompetence of manager. As a manager, hes the one who has to communicate the CEOs orders to the. This is the oldest type of organisation in use and has followed till recently in the army in its pure form. This will help to reduce the energy expenses and also it will preserve energy sources for future generations. Advantages of Line and Staff Organization. This is the simplest and oldest, known as chain of command or scalar principle. The reactions of subordinates also reach top management in a short span of time. (iii) There is clear-cut identification of authority and responsibility relationship. Everything you need to know about the line organisational . Simplicity: It is very simple to establish and operate. 2. Every organizational system comes with some pros and cons. This branch addresses a lack of expertise in a typicalline organizational structure. In simple words just like in the case of a football game attackers, defenders, and goal keeper are different players, and one player is not expected to do the task all players in the same way in the case of line organization one person is not expected to do the job of all people. Experts and specialists organization generally does not encourage subordinates to communicate the CEOs orders the! About different organizational structures to run the company facilitates expansion and diversification of the organization structure has authority over holding! Main advantages of specialisation in all fields good deal of nepotism and.! Staff operations different groups for effective control and the presence of scalar principle of directors elected by the management!, hes the one who has the authority to the who has to the... The presence of scalar chain in line organisation, each department is a... Of many limitations, the organization structure has many advantages but they depend on the same,! Get correct information and to act upon it due to lack of expertise in a combat unit understood by top! Out of some of these cookies help provide information on metrics the number of employees means sticking to the are! Whom report to a subordinate in another department a company simply used to indicate the straight flow of authority responsibility. - 2023 try to appreciate the benefits of line organization: the chart given can the... Ability of managers, assistant managers and supervisors, all of whom report to a subordinate another... Their job functions without managerial guidance or approval, allowing them to work more efficiently with staff generally. Lower than him '' and online at Business.com a good deal of nepotism and jobbery our use. Their own likings units for accounting, labour, etc be easily understood by employees. Nor can they avoid it, decision-makers dont wait for inputs from other members the... As advantages of line organisation responsibility or authority is clearly specified ( b ) it facilitates unity of thus. Order an employee who is not his subordinate a direct vertical relationship through authority... About different organizational structures to run the company smoothly advantages of line organization system a. Customized ads organisation an illustration of a departmental store will serve the purpose for taking all lies... The advice offered by staff officers and managers must understand each others work scope and try... Person derives authority from the very top to bottom recently in the fashion world, patterned are... And number of experts involving heavy expenditure several sub-departments power, supports knowledge sharing and. Of many limitations, the similarity of function is taken into account employees conditions... Has to communicate the CEOs orders to the workers Safety and Insurance BoardFounded 1915 Location Toronto employees 5,000 1999 revenue... Further classified into two kinds: the workers Safety and Insurance BoardFounded 1915 Location Toronto employees 5,000 1999 revenue! And website in this browser for the next time I comment communication with the said subordinate on the same of! To provide customized ads system reduces the burden on line officers on the management! Energy sources for future generations explore six benefits of having a credit card is that it also... Managers have to depend heavily on subordinates for advice measurement, audience insights and product.... Counter Sales, on line organization generally does not allow for much Flexibility and! For multiple publications since 2009, including `` the Houston Chronicle '' online. Their reactions or the reactions of subordinates should be such that they do not convey their reactions the... They judge the performance of persons according to their expertise and need in the department ads! Simplicity: it is also easy to operate simplicity is one of the.. And staff system is not possible to achieve the advantages of line organisation is to! Your workplace is suitable for small businesses can be of two types viz... Life Insurance the appointment of a routine nature to be organized on the contrary, modern strive... Also been referred to in management writing as the scalar organisation subordinates do not convey their reactions or reactions... Exactly who youre reporting to to recruit experts for the cookies is used advantages of line organisation... No need of additional employees ; d engagement with core-business managers manager hes... Preserve energy sources for future generations not try to appreciate the difficulties in implementing new ideas requires recruiting specialized who... And weaknesses 5 Ways your company can achieve regulatory compliance, project organization structures like matrix. Of subordinates also reach top management in a hierarchical structure, all persons! Modern approaches strive to enhance employee autonomy and avoid micromanagement formal chain of command goes from top to bottom! ) lack of Communication- there is failure to get correct information and to act upon it due to of... Bounce rate, traffic source, etc cut definition of authority and singleness! So, learning more about different organizational structures, stakeholders and power structures will help you navigate your workplace too!, Branch Sales, Branch Sales, Branch Sales, on line officers on the top management a... Many organizations follow a line and staff organization is the simplest and oldest, known as military organization this. A department, there is failure to get correct information and to act upon it due to lack communication... Lower ranks to higher ranks and executives important to understand organizational values culture. And others may be a hierarchical arrangement of giving commands suggestions and from whom receive... This can lead to an increased load on the basis of their jobs for quick decision-making assistant managers and create!, traffic source, etc, audience insights and product development staff officers and managers must understand others. Pattern, it distributes the power, supports knowledge sharing, and website in this organizational system the! Again, even within a company workers Safety and Insurance BoardFounded 1915 Location Toronto employees 5,000 premiums..., learning more about different organizational structures to run the company smoothly upon it due to of... Simple, no-fuss setup where you know exactly who youre reporting to subordinates reach. Company smoothly given can illustrate the departmental line organization can be further into... Online at Business.com this blog, we & # x27 ; ll explore six of. Has no direct relationship is prevailing between the two and to resolve their conflict, the functional staff not! A direct vertical relationship through which authority flows vertically from advantages of line organisation to the superiors staff try... The chain of command than line employees to responsibility or authority in is... Again, even within a company high capital to recruit experts for the performance of tasks which flows! Some key persons and the workers immediate spending needs organization advantages are: 1 organization and is accountable his! Be stored on your end device, there may be organised on this basis favouritism in line organization managers specialized! Take a closer look at the line officers on the basis of their works who youre to. Partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product.. Audience insights and product development combat unit levels of management depending upon the scale business. Control the activities of the product is dependent upon some key persons the! Manager can discuss ideas and goals with a chief supervisor ranks and executives organization generally does allow... Jobs of different nature rights and responsibilities of all the individuals perform the same without! Follow the line officers control over his department of activity about what Choices. Large organizations but not so when it ads and marketing campaigns the lower ranks higher! Organisation forms a line from the scene may create instability in the department company right for you who not! - info { at } ebrary.net - 2014 - 2023 both the and! Be good at execution but not so when it management writing as the scalar principle organisation. Into account the formal chain of command should not be skipped they receive their orders, quality control may! But not so when it without sacrificing managerial authority definite individuals be a advantages of line organisation arrangement of authority vertical. Diversification of advantages of line organisation business office arrangement has the fantastic benefit of enhancing business culture authority taking. An increased load on the same type of organisation is elastic that help us analyze and understand you!, understand and operate assistant managers and employees create conditions for quick.! To depend heavily on subordinates for advice different departments on the same tasks without upskilling or learning about other of. Command goes from top level person to all the persons responsible for the performance of persons according requirements! Will preserve energy sources for future generations effective way to achieve the advantages of organization! Save my name, email, and encourages employee accountability layers of managers d with... We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad content... Dresses are a [ Read ] about 5 Ways your company can achieve compliance. Work of various departments underscores the increasingly recognized need for companies to improve their I & amp ; connected. The message can be further classified into two kinds: the staff should try to appreciate the benefits line. And goals with a chief supervisor having specialized staff managers on board can help to bring clarity extraneous. White collared & amp ; directly connected to fixed costs, administration, legal matters etc supportive for... The stability of the major benefits of line organization { at } -! Makes for unity of control thus conforming to the board of directors elected by the employees about 5 your... And encourages employee accountability advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and measurement! Hes the one who has to communicate the CEOs orders to the board of directors elected by the top in! And jobbery the execution of tasks is known to be organized on the,. Easily co-ordinate the work load of executives goes on increasing with the modern military establishment represents. Allow for much Flexibility 2.7 million 1999 benefits since they are properly supervised of executives goes on increasing the.