Dr. ANN McKEE: I don't want to get into the sexism too much, but sexism plays a big role when you're a doctor of my age who's come up in the ranks with a lot of male doctors. NARRATOR: But fundamental questions remain about how the game will be played, and who will play it. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The Times now suddenly has a huge story, that the NFL has acknowledged a link between brain damage and football. Pain and injury were his specialty. And if we have to defend this suit, as Paul was alluding to, we will do that and be able to make those factual allegations. And he could get up there with his short sleeves. And there's only one place in your body that you really don't understand. According to Raney Aronson-Rath, the deputy executive producer of Frontline, it drew 2.2 million viewers. STAN SAVRAN: People liked the violence of it. NARRATOR: 49ers quarterback Steve Young was another one of Leigh Steinberg's clients. But the little mini-concussions are just as dangerous because you might be sustaining six to ten, maybe a dozen of these hits during the course of a game. What's the answer? He was just 50 years old. ", [www: Timeline: NFL's changing positions]. And I said, "But my player my husband is a player who's severely disabled, and he can't be here right now.". Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. Dr. Bennet Omalu was studying the microscopic samples. MARK FAINARU-WADA: _Monday Night Football_ it's not just for football fans. He's, like, "What are you talking about? NARRATOR: Dr. Edward Westbrook examined him. Get ready to receive more awesome content from WFE soon! NEWSCASTER: The right-hand man to Tagliabue is running the show. cheryl mchenry retiring; fruit pizza with cool whip no cream cheese; pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation close. Home Video DVDs ofLeague of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisisare available from ShopPBS. How Afraid Should the NFL be of Chris Borland? Rep. MAXINE WATERS (D), California: We have heard from the NFL time and time again. Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong and Tuttle 2005). And with that head, he'd pop you. Ah! MARK FAINARU-WADA: Though the league previously, through Greg Aiello, acknowledged a link, there's no more acknowledging a link exists. NEWSCASTER: Dr. Casson resigned from the NFL's concussion committee. MARK FAINARU-WADA: I think the NFL has done an incredible job at marketing itself and turning itself into a spectacle, a sort of cultural part of our lives. NARRATOR: For Steinberg, there was a growing recognition of just how dangerous the sport was. When he arrives at the medical examiner's office, he's telling people that he has the verbal consent from Tyler Seau to harvest the brain. STEVE FAINARU: From a scientific perspective, there's this secret that's being unlocked. STEVE FAINARU: And so it's becoming almost impossible for the NFL to ignore it. ", NARRATOR: The papers downplayed the risk of concussions, DOCUMENT: "Mild TBIs in professional football are not serious injuries. ANNOUNCER: Let's give him a big round of applause! They didn't want to admit to themselves or anybody else that our beloved sport, probably our most popular sport, could end up with brain damage. And I took as much brain trauma as anybody. NARRATOR: Aikman's concussion was bad enough that he could not return to the game. MARK FAINARU-WADA: McKee is saying, "Look, this is very much an issue at the core of the game, of offensive lineman and defensive linemen pounding the crud out of each other on every single play, on every single down and every single practice, and there's no getting around that.". NARRATOR: They insisted the league had done nothing wrong. I could answer this real easy at other times, but right now, I'm just tired. NEWSCASTER: Congress is looking into the long-term impact of concussions. FAITH HILL, Entertainer: [singing] All right, what a night, it's finally here. The league makes it very clear they're not admitting any guilt, that there's no acknowledgement of any causation between football and the possibility of long-term brain damage. That was the message, "Don't worry about it. What? Watch part one of "The Power of Big Oil," a three-episode FRONTLINE docuseries investigating the fossil fuel industry's history of casting doubt and delaying. CHRIS NOWINSKI, Author of the Book/Film Head Games: I'd be a fool not to worry about CTE personally. I'm sure he would. You know, as much as wrestling is performance, there's a very, very small margin of error. And it was probably 15 members of the committee. NARRATOR: Back in New York, with the pressure mounting, the commissioner decided to make some dramatic changes. And Mike's favorite games were the ones that were cold and snowy and frigid. The NFL knew it, but the players certainly didn't know it. An investigation of the health crisis threatening NFL players and the long-term fortunes of football. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee admits she's seeing only a small sample. NARRATOR: Over the years, he became increasingly confused. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: You know, he was supergluing his teeth back into his head, and he actually made that work. I'm just saying the things we do to one another, OK. Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. And prevalence how many players had it. I'm, like, "How do I?" So he pulls out this stun gun and goes "Bzz, bzz." I'm, like, "Wow! Goodell had grown up in Washington, the son of a United States senator from New York. And I knew that I felt awful. Who is this guy who doesn't know Mike Webster in Pittsburgh?". Two ESPN reporters co-wrote the film and a book%2C examining the NFL%27s past handling of concussions. I think the fault of the paper was, it was maybe too early to be making those statements based on a fairly small sample of players, which is the major criticism of the study which I think is a valid one. STEVE FAINARU: Congress saw it as a way to put the NFL's concussion policies on trial in the court of public opinion. : We don't know who is at risk for it. You know, it was just. STEVE FAINARU: One of his mantras was to "protect the shield," the NFL shield, to protect the integrity of the game. I remember late at night looking at the brain and thinking, "Just going to knock this one off." He played for nearly 20 years in a brutal and punishing sport, and you know, this is what's going on with him. The question is, do you want it to be your child? NARRATOR: and in one of the papers, even suggested their research might apply to younger athletes, despite the fact they had not studied high school or college players. Dr. HENRY FEUER: She was seeing only those that were in trouble, and we know that there are thousands roaming around that are not having problems. LISA McHALE: Eight months ago, I lost my best friend, my college sweetheart and my husband of 18 years. And that would scare me. That was the first I heard of it. ANNOUNCER: Well, that's a sight we thought would be impossible. That's proven by the six-year study that we have and the research that's been done that looks at that issue intensively. Dr. HENRY FEUER: If we for some reason coming came across as being disrespectful, then I would say that everybody else we interviewed over the 15 years must have felt the same way. He's going to go! BOB FITZSIMMONS: The NFL acknowledges that repetitive trauma to the head in football, football can cause a permanent disabling injury to the brain. STEVE FAINARU: The room is dark because Aikman can't even stand looking into the light. MARK FAINARU: He ends up in the dust bowl of north central California, and he's working as a medical examiner there, as far removed from the NFL as anybody could be, and trying to figure out how to sort of stay in it. But then, uncharacteristically, trouble. He moved to Lodi, California. NARRATOR: The study went to the heart of the prevalence question. Michael Kirk NEWSCASTER: If you had children who are 8, 10 and 12, would they play football? And I had people who I loved and cared for. Answered over 90d ago. WRITTEN BY. And they're going to be football players. And Ann said, "Well, actually, I was on the NIH committee that defined how you diagnose that disease. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Physician, Steelers, 1988-97: Well, Mike Webster exemplified what it was like to be a player in the Steel City and a player in that era that for me was the greatest team of all time. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. If Will Smith's character in the upcoming movie "Concussion" seems familiar, it might be because you've already met the real Dr. Bennet Omalu in FRONTLINE's "League of Denial.". NARRATOR: Earlier, Goodell had watched his mentor, Tagliabue, downplay the concussion controversy. See production, box office & company info, Self - University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Self - Neuropsychologist, Boston University, This documentary is better than what "Concussion" and Will Smith could ever think to create. NARRATOR: For Chris Harvard, the performance often ended with a blow to the head. In a special two-hour investigation, FRONTLINE reveals the hidden story of the NFL and brain injuries. There was no recognition that anything was caused by football. He offered to present Omalu's work to the group. JANE LEAVY, Journalist: The brains are precious cargo. It was happening to every player in every collision sport. He was the right person to do it. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers 1988-97: He saw collections of tau protein, collections which shouldn't be there in someone of Mike Webster's age. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: He would forget, you know, which way the grocery store was, which way it was to go home. If we speak up now, we may be able to, if not save lives, at least prevent the damage that we are seeing on Ann McKee's table.". Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list. If they got knocked out and went back into the same contest, it didn't matter. NARRATOR: Brain trauma became an obsession. How safe is it for children to play football? BETH WILKINSON, NFL's Attorney: Let's be clear. STEVE FAINARU: He gets the first flight out the next morning. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. 1 1 329-331 of the Publication Manual of the site that hosts the page followed. Correct the in-text citation in the sentence below. HENRY FEUER, M.D., MTBI Committee, 1994-2010: I just have a problem. APA style requires two elements for citing outside sources: Reference Citations in Text and a Reference List. Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1BycsJWThe National Football League presides over Ameri. Jeff Seamon on it. ANNOUNCER: You see it right here. We would just we would listen, and "Thank you," and that's it. His brilliance intellectually was matched by being an incredible athlete. PETER KEATING: He went to a school in Guadalajara. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, Boston University: If you're going to put together a blue ribbon committee to study brain trauma, it should have as its chair somebody who has that as a background, either a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neuropathologist, preferably a clinician. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. I mean, it was a loud just, "No, not you. In fact, if I want to relax, that's one way I can relax. NARRATOR: But away from the cameras, the two sides were engaged in tense court-ordered negotiations. Dr. JULIAN BAILES: I was not the bearer of good news, probably, in many people's minds. And that just didn't make sense to anyone that's a scientist. NARRATOR: Casson had once joined Pellman in attacking Omalu's work. NARRATOR: It was young's seventh concussion. FAITH HILL: [singing] The whole world's ready, kick that ball off the tee because it's Super Bowl rocks on NBC. MARK FAINARU-WADA: You've got the most popular sport in America basically on notice. It's pretty scary. But it's not the only issue. View film. Steve has a Pulitzer Prize for reporting in Iraq. ANNOUNCER: They're number one in the nation. NARRATOR: It is the brain of a former football player. I mean, we battled in there, and this is what this is the result of it right here, sitting right here looking at you. NARRATOR: Just two years later, in 2002, Mike Webster died. And I'm, like, "OK." I don't know, you know, he's my hero, I'm going to do whatever he tells me. ANNOUNCER: Here comes Seau! CHRIS NOWINSKI: As long as the NFL dismissed this, that meant that parents were signing their kids up to go play football, believing that there was no risk. Additional support for The FRONTLINE Dispatch comes from the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. And then he'd lift his shoulders. Dr. BENNET OMALU: The next thing, he said he doesn't want me touching his father's brain. It looks as almost as if he's out cold. And the pathologist who's on call that day is this guy, Bennet Omalu. Then Perfetto took matters into her own hands. We don't know if concussion in and of itself is what causes the abnormalities. For FRONTLINE, ESPN and in their own book, they've been investigating how the NFL has handled evidence that football may be destroying the brains of NFL players. He was chief operating officer when the league's scientific committee sent those controversial papers to the journal Neurosurgery. NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu believed the National Football League would want to know about his discovery. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have an enormously high hit rate. And I knew that I wasn't the only person, but I was a person in a position to make a difference. He's the one that made the decision to publish papers, no matter whether the reviewers felt they should be published or not, no matter whether the section editor felt they should be published or not. And we take those issues very seriously. Nobody knows that at this point in time. NARRATOR: They even questioned whether Mike Webster was suffering from neurological problems. He said, "If 10 percent of mothers in this country would begin to perceive football as a dangerous sport, that is the end of football.". MARK FAINARU-WADA: He like Webster, his life had sort of fallen apart in a lot of ways. HARRY CARSON: You know, most people are keyed in on the big hit. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He ends up at one point representing 21 quarterbacks in the 21 starting quarterbacks in the NFL one year. NARRATOR: For Dr. McKee and others, it raised the obvious question. This is not something you normally see in the brain. NARRATOR: For now, the future of the league and the game of football seem secure. Whether she wanted us to start you know, I don't know where she's coming from on that. MARK FAINARU-WADA: She's learned a little bit about the work that had previously been done in this issue by Omalu and others, and she's eager to find some brains. I said, "What are you talking about?" PBS (Producer). STEVE FAINARU: There were cracks running the length of his feet, and they were incredibly painful. JANE LEAVY: This is a process that is awe-inspiring in the old-fashioned sense of the word. He became depressed. Mike Wiser, REPORTED BY MARK FAINARU-WADA: The NFL very directly worked not only to get the brain to NIH, but in this case, to keep it away from Omalu's group or McKee's group by speaking badly about them. They were offering "peanuts," as one person said. They were now research partners. Topics. He was not an expert in neurology and had no background in brain research. He was he actually he broke down in tears in front of me a couple of times because he couldn't get his thoughts together and he couldn't keep them in order. `` how do I? 's give him a big round of!! 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