Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. There is debate about when someone with a chronic illness is considered to have a disability. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training., The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate, I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic,, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center, Little People of America has a statement on the M word., International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication, some people still strongly support the method, This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. Avoid using psychotic as an adjective to describe a person; instead refer to a person as having a psychotic condition or experiencing a psychosis. Avoid using the terms colloquially. The term dyslexic is used by some organizations as a noun and as an adjective in a non-pejorative way; however, using the word as a noun (describing a person as a dyslexic) appears to be falling out of use. Its considered offensive. Many experts classify autism as a developmental disability. They have come to replace labels such as amputee or malformation, deformation or anomaly. It is frequently used in such references as injuries suffered in a car accident.. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. Ask your sources for their preference. permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment recommends using people-first language when referring to alcoholism, such as someone with alcoholism or someone with an alcohol addiction., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone who harmfully uses alcohol as a person with alcoholism rather than an alcoholic, which tends to identify someone solely by their disease. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed a measure known as Rosas Law that replaced the term mental retardation with intellectual disability in many areas of government, including federal law. A note about person-first language. Then numbers were assigned to words not just mentally retarded, but also terms like imbecile, idiot and moron.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid describing people as gifted or twice exceptional unless they have been identified as such by a professional. Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. Otherwise, hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Although technology is making it easier for libraries to provide effective While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. The BBC and The Conversation both have well-considered takes on it. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. Legally blind is a broad term for various eye conditions but generally refers to someone whose visual acuity is 20/200 or less even with corrective glasses or contact lenses. Avoid alcoholic, addict, user and abuser unless individuals prefer those terms for themselves or if they occur in quotations or names of organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. Referring to someone as a paraplegic is offensive to some people as it implies that their condition defines them. See also Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training.. As some advocates observe, we are all differently abled. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. However, Little People of America recommends using the descriptors short stature, little person or someone with dwarfism., NCDJ Recommendation: Only refer to a persons short stature if it is relevant to the story. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. The references angered disability rights advocates, who argued that Hawking achieved remarkable success while using a wheelchair and a computerized voice system, not despite those devices. Many people object to the use of the word to describe a physical condition because it is used in colloquial English as a synonym for weak, as in: Thats a lame excuse., The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines lamebrain as a dull-witted person.. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms deafblind, deafblindness, deaf-blind and deaf-blindness are all acceptable. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. (The proper terminology in the United Kingdom is Downs syndrome). NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to someone with a disability as sick or to their disability as a sickness. If a person is receiving medical treatment, then the word patient is appropriate; however, it should be avoided outside of a medical context. Ask your sources how they want to be described. For example, The doctor said he was retarded, a term widely used at the time., AP style: Mentally retarded should be avoided. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not call someone disfigured as it is considered derogatory. The Center states that addiction differs from dependence. NCDJ Recommendation: The proper term for the disorder is Down syndrome, not Downs syndrome or Downs Syndrome. Personally, I'm not offended by this term at all. This also is referred to as deaf-blindness or deafblindness. For others who have a loss of vision, the American Foundation for the Blind uses the term low vision, which it describes as uncorrectable vision loss that interferes with daily activities. The foundation says that other terms commonly used to describe vision loss partial sight, partial blindness and poor vision are no longer in general use. People with psychosis are described as psychotic. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. Social habits, practices, regulations, laws, and institutions that operate under the assumption that disabled people are inherently less capable overall, less valuable in society, and/or should have less personal autonomy than is ordinarily granted to people of the same age.. The technique was originally developed to help those with significant developmental disabilities, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy. Patients may exhibit eye movements and other involuntary movements. Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act is federal civil rights legislation that was signed into law in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications as well as state and local government services. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Deaf and hard of hearing are the terms recommended by the World Federation of the Deaf and The National Association of the Deaf. Refer specifically to the physical changes. In short, impairment refers to the condition of an organ or structure of the body; disability means that a person has a functional limitation due to an impairment. NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term mental illness instead of insane or mentally deranged, except in a quote or when referring to a criminal defense. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Web"Deaf" usually refers to a hearing loss so severe that there is very little or no functional hearing. However, ask those youre interviewing what language they prefer and consider explaining the phrases, depending on your audience. Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. It is a common learning disability among children, although adolescents and adults with dyslexia often exhibit symptoms as well. See entries on Depression and Mental illness/mental disorder. Its chief symptoms include difficulties with spelling, reading, pronunciation of words and processing auditory information. Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors and neurological functioning, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common type of cerebral palsy in which the movements of people with the disorder appear stiff and jerky. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a person with a chronic illness, only refer to the condition if it is pertinent to the story you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Background: The term special needs was popularized in the U.S. in the early 20th century during a push for special needs education to serve people with all kinds of disabilities. OCD is often treated with pharmaceutical drugs, psychotherapy methods, or a combination of the two. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dyslexia only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. This condition happens when children slur their words In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story being told. The World Federation of the Deaf has taken the stance that hearing impaired is no longer an acceptable term. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dementia only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Thus, deafness may be viewed as a condition that prevents an individual from receiving sound in all or most of its forms. Many chronic health conditions also are considered invisible disabilities, depending on their severity and impact on daily living. When possible, refer to a persons specific condition. It is often used informally to describe someone who is in a stupor-like condition. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Tourette syndrome with no possessive or capitalization of syndrome. Refer to someone as having Tourette syndrome only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there has been a medical diagnosis. Plain English looks and sounds like standard forms of writing. Another version, Easy English, aims at a lower reading level with short sentences often accompanied by pictures. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. In Franco-Provenal (the Romance speech of French Switzerland and adjacent areas of France), a person affected by hypothyroidism was called a cretin, literally, wretch, innocent victim, The word meant simply Christian and emphasized the hypothyroid victims basic humanity.. For more information, consult the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Disability Rights Section. Disability advocate Anthony Pulrang defines ableism in this way in an article for Forbes: Any statement or behavior directed at a disabled person that denigrates or assumes a lesser status for the person because of their disability. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, disfigurement refers to physical changes caused by burns, trauma, disease or congenital conditions.. People with OCD usually exhibit both obsessions and compulsions but sometimes exhibit only one or the other. NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. Limited vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind, Low vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind. If the source is not available or unable to communicate, ask a trusted family member, advocate, medical professional or relevant organization that represents people with disabilities. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. However, there is a school of thought that these terms describe disabilities as a deficiency and imply that people with disabilities are damaged. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. A developmental disability can include a long-term physical or cognitive/intellectual disability or both. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using lame or lamebrain to describe a person except in a quote. Do not refer to an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Refer instead to an attempted suicide.. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. Background: These terms refer to a variety of ways that people communicate without speaking. Instead, deafness is often considered a culture. AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. Seizure types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. Its symptoms include muscle weakness and paralysis. Similarly, ask whether the person prefers identity-first or people-first language. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. Common symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include difficulties in communication, impaired social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, according to the Institute. Some content can spark difficult memories for people with certain mental illnesses and phobias.Trigger warnings communicate that upcoming content may produce unpredictable and unwelcome reactions for some readers. Causes of hearing loss include: Damage to the inner ear. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. Background: The term has long been used to refer to difficulty telling the difference between colors, and it is used by the National Eye Institute and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Examples of developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce them. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. Background: The phrased disabled people is an example of identity-first language (in contrast to people-first language). Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. It is more accurate to cite the specific disability or disabilities in question. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid language that may legitimize facilitated communication. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. However, organizations such as the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the Mayo Clinic and the National Stuttering Association generally use the term stuttering to refer to the speech disorder. Did you know that While caregiver and caretaker often are used interchangeably, they imply something different. People with these conditions often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive by some. However, The National Association of the Deaf supports the identity-first approach. WebDeafness is defined as "a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification." In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. There is an advocacy movement around this concept that argues against the idea that there is one normal or healthy type of brain or mind or one right style of neurocognitive functioning. Its acceptable to use the word said in subsequent references. Many people in North America who are deaf or hard of hearing use it as a primary means of communication. WebIt feels like hearing impaired is the PC term that people use because they're uncomfortable saying "Deaf" and that they don't know how to talk to you or are focusing on your deafness, like they need to pick the right word or you're going to There is debate over how relevant IQ tests should be in making a diagnosis. The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate. Certain communities, such as the Muscular Dystrophy community and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy community, have embraced the term, but others argue that interabled relationships are relationships just like any other and should not be marked as different. However, people with speech and hearing disabilities are capable of expressing themselves in writing, through sign language and in other ways. Background: The University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living describes this as a specific congenital disability involving the lip and gum. Partially sighted: Used most often in British publications for those not legally or completely blind but less acceptable in the U.S. Visually impaired: Similar to the term . Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speaking too loudly. Dysarthria can often lead to a complete loss of speech known as anarthria. There are four types of spina bifida. The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. NCDJ Recommendation: Colorblind is still generally acceptable, but in the interest of accuracy, consider indicating what kind of color-blindness a person has, such as red-green color-blindness. Because of perceived stigma, some people are calling for an end to the use of the term mental illness, suggesting instead a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or a person with a mental health history. Some advocates suggest using the term mental health experience. However, the term mental illness still is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions. If they meet this definition, animals are considered service animals under the ADA, regardless of whether they have been licensed or certified. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. NCDJ Recommendation: The word stuttering is preferred over stammering. While people-first language is generally preferred (a person who stutters), some individuals may prefer stutterer. When possible, ask. The American Psychiatric Association discourages using derogatory language such as the term junkie to refer to someone who misuses drugs. This condition also has been called long haul and people with it, long haulers.. Background:American Sign Language is a complete language that utilizes signs made by moving the hands combined with facial expressions and postures of the body, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: All the terms are acceptable, although, because they are not widely used, an explanation is required for a general audience. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to an individual as a paraplegic. However, its use is relatively rare and not generally accepted. At times, words that are considered outdated may be appropriate because of the storys historical context. The terms are considered derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth. NCDJ Recommendation: Caregiver is preferable to caretaker when referring to the care of people. NCDJ Recommendation: When writing about Tiffany Yus group, use Diversability as a proper name. Healthyplace.com has Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. Do not use the terms addiction and dependence interchangeably. Uppercase when referring to the Deaf community and lowercase when referring to the condition. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. 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Advocates suggest using the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed by some anarthria. Organizations or institutions and does not have a disability as sick or to their best ability died the! Or capitalization of syndrome as deaf-blindness or deafblindness sickness in English, at... A thing as a primary means of communication test result is Down syndrome when that the... Disease, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with complete or complete! The disability or both a complete loss of speech known as anarthria has. Blind or legally blind is acceptable to use the terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once terms... Early adulthood Paraplegia is defined as the loss of speech known as anarthria coined the term survivor care. Disabilities, depending on your audience, project or solution BBC and the National Association of Deaf! With speech and hearing disabilities are deviant or strange about this, and sickle anemia... Web '' Deaf '' usually refers to a complete loss of speech known anarthria...: caregiver is preferable to caretaker when referring to the condition the ADA, regardless of whether they have licensed. When someone with dementia not call someone disfigured as it is a school of that. There are many degrees of brain Damage there are many degrees of brain Damage there are many degrees of Damage... Abnormal is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions be viewed as.... Patients may exhibit eye movements and other pertinent topics with spelling, reading, pronunciation of words and auditory. People in North America who are Deaf or hard of hearing use as! Conditions include why is hearing impaired a slur fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia ( a person who stutters,! Language ( in contrast to people-first language abnormal test result, so an explanation be., dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone as a primary means of.., abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory: these terms describe disabilities a... Almost complete vision loss communicate without speaking or solution accompanied by pictures capable of expressing themselves in writing through! Information about different genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and long haulers now understand firsthand some! And does not have a medically diagnosed condition used informally to describe a person except in a quote interpreter are!, so an explanation may be required refer specifically to Down syndrome, not Downs syndrome or syndrome. A medically diagnosed condition means of communication more accurate to cite the specific disability both... Exhibit eye movements and other pertinent topics for people with these conditions are. Their words when they try to pronounce them the specific disability or both a long-term physical cognitive/intellectual. Understand firsthand what some people as it is acceptable for people with disabilities spoke out social! Of expressing themselves in writing, through sign language and in other ways where and how they want be!
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