Aspergillomas are fungal balls within lung cavities. Sabino, R., Carolino, E., Moss, R. B., Banaei, N., Verissimo, C., Stevens, D. A. Halomonas johnsoniae: review of a medically underappreciated genus of growing human importance. McCusker, J. H., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A., Davis, R. W. PULMONARY MUCORMYCOSIS PRESENTING AS AN ENDOBRONCHIAL LESION. This approach has already been demonstrated to be of benefit with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor adjunct therapy of human candidiasis. Halomonas stevensii is a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacterium causing environmental contamination and infections in a dialysis center. Stevens, D. A., Clemons, K. V., Levine, H. B., Pappagianis, D., Baron, E. J., Hamilton, J. R., Deresinski, S. C., Johnson, N. Genomic DNA microarray comparison of gene expression patterns in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelia and yeasts in vitro. Immune responses induced by heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A vaccine against fungal infection. This model is useful in studies of host response, as well as in therapy studies. We recount studies showing the specific hormonal binding of mammalian estrogen to proteins in P. brasiliensis and an action of estrogen to specifically block the transition from the saprophytic form to the invasive form of the fungus in vitro. In these studies, we examined protection against systemic murine coccidioidomycosis by vaccination with heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HKY). The impact of these immunomodulatory effects needs assessment. Coccidioides infections often result in chronic relapsing disease that presents a challenge to the currently available therapy. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780701644140, View details for Web of Science ID 000252219400001, We compared the efficacy of treatments in a rabbit model of coccidioidal meningitis (CM).Rabbits were infected intracisternally with Coccidioides immitis and treated with intravenous amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), deoxycholate amphotericin B (dAMB), oral fluconazole or diluent [sterile 5% dextrose in water (D5W)]. Other studies have indicated that heat-killed Saccharomyces can protect against infection with at least three other fungal genera, raising the possibility of development of a panfungal vaccine, and such a vehicle has been studied in clinical trials, without dose-limiting toxicity. Galgiani, J. N., Ampel, N. M., Blair, J. E., Catanzaro, A., Johnson, R. H., Stevens, D. A., Williams, P. L. Immunological basis for susceptibility and resistance to pulmonary blastomycosis in mouse strains. Low-dose ABLC was less effective than LAmB at reducing brain fungal burdens in both models. View details for DOI 10.3109/1040841X.2011.581223, View details for Web of Science ID 000295616800001. View details for PubMedID 12975755. DEX suppression of cytokine production by BAM+LPS was modestly but significantly antagonized by GM-CSF. McCullough, M. J., Clemons, K. V., FARINA, C., McCusker, J. H., Stevens, D. A. However, the literature is growing that this mycosis, particularly pulmonary aspergillosis, can be seen in patients lacking these factors. There is an important need for generation of consensus definitions of outcomes of IFD that will form a standard for evaluating treatment success and failure in clinical trials. View details for DOI 10.1099/mic.0.027441-0, View details for Web of Science ID 000269028900033. Studies on combination therapy will prove useful to the clinician in evaluating courses of treatment, especially where clinical-trial data are not available or probable in the future. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). Kim, J., Tang, J. Y., Gong, R., Kim, J., Lee, J. J., Clemons, K. V., Chong, C. R., Chang, K. S., Fereshteh, M., Gardner, D., Reya, T., Liu, J. O., Epstein, E. H., Stevens, D. A., Beachy, P. A. Efficacy of voriconazole in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. The remaining 11 isolates were DNA group A; 2patients that shared a room had identical group A isolates, both converted to DNA group B type colonization within 2 months. Here, we emphasize prevention and an approach to a laboratory accident that minimizes the risk of exposure to laboratory staff and staff in adjacent areas. With the urgent need for novel agents to combat emerging fungal resistance to existing drugs, activity in the exploration of small molecule DNA binders has increased. Liu, M., Clemons, K. V., Johansen, M. E., Martinez, M., Chen, V., Stevens, D. A. to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. We have reported previously that prolonged caspofungin (CAS) dosing enhances survival in a murine model of central nervous system aspergillosis. On day 14, cfu were determined in survivors by plating of organ homogenates.In the first study, mice given any regimen of Abelcet or caspofungin had a survival rate > or =80% whereas untreated had 90% mortality. Macrophages could be cultured in the presence or absence of serum during the initial 20 h adherence and establishment period, enabling study of the effect of serum factors. There were 351 registrants from 26 countries. Nikkomycin Z with FK showed significantly greater potency (P < 0.01) than either alone. View details for Web of Science ID 000177080400004. Regulation of bronchoalveolar macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by dexamethasone and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after stimulation by Aspergillus conidia or lipopolysaccharide, Resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. MICA alone at 1 mg/kg approached significance in prolonging survival. In an IFA study with B. dermatitidis, serum with an anti-mouse IgG conjugate did not result in fluorescence, yet serum blocked IFA staining of B. dermatitidis by anti-1,3-beta-glucan IgG antibody. 0115 95 14859 david.stevens@nottingham.ac.uk Biography I have been at Nottingham since 2000, having previously held positions at Brunel University and Brown University. The enhancement of IL-6 by mouse serum was concentration-dependent and maximal at 8 h. The effects of fungus or serum on macrophage production of cytokines were similar in an outbred and an inbred mouse strain. Since IL-12 was poorly tolerated, a new protocol for infected mice, IL-12 0.1 or 0.3 microg, every other day, resulted in minimal toxicity; almost all treated mice survived (P<0.002 vs. controls). Coccidioidomycosis can be difficult to treat with available therapies, particularly in patients with progressive or disseminated disease. View details for DOI 10.1128/CMR.00062-10, View details for Web of Science ID 000289346500004. Our results show susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis is independent of the major histocompatibility locus H2 haplotype and any effect ascribable to use of particular commercial mouse suppliers. Although polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are powerfully anti-Aspergillus, transfusion therapy remains controversial, with conflicting results, and experimental support has been lacking. [1][6] The bust was intended to be placed at the entrance of the museum. Project Management; Landscape Archaeology; Heritage Consultancy. Thus, the choice of which animal model to use must be made carefully, addressing issues of the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow and collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions being asked. Albany. In 27 in vitro reports, we found synergy (in 36% of reports), additivity (in 24%), indifference (in 28%), and antagonism (in 11%). We found that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from young mice had deficient fungicidal activity against Bd (37%) compared with adult PMN (80%). Res Publica: A Journal of Moral, Legal, and Social Philosophy. In a short-term organ clearance study, 5 days of treatment with 10 or 50 mg/kg BID itraconazole or fluconazole reduced the tissue burdens in the brain and spinal cord compared to the tissue burdens in the controls (P < 0.02 to 0.0003). Composite success was identical for each regimen (11/15 patients, 73 %). Ellis, M., Bernsen, R., Ali-Zadeh, H., Kristensen, J., Hedstrom, U., Poughias, L., Bresnik, M., Al-Essa, A., Stevens, D. A. Mice were given 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide every 4 days and a gentamicin-vancomycin-clindamycin-imipenem regimen daily beginning 4 days before intranasal challenge with 5 10(5) Aspergillus conidia. All ABLC- or AmBi-treated rabbits survived, whereas eight of nine D5W-treated rabbits were euthanatized before day 25 (P < 0.0001). Avian aspergillosis is commonly treated with itraconazole (ITZ). View details for DOI 10.1164/rccm.2008-740ST, View details for Web of Science ID 000286155600016. View details for Web of Science ID 000186262900002, View details for Web of Science ID 000186262900001. The AAC workshop identified savings of HK$1.4 billion in three days for a project in Hong Kong; 80 million for another in England in one day; more than Aus$70 million in two days for an airport in Australia. Caspofungin in RPMI 1640 exhibited dose-dependent inhibition, with concentrations of 0.1 and 0.05 microg/ml inhibiting 24.9% +/- 10.4% and 11.7% +/- 3.6%, respectively (n = 10; P < 0.01). Progesterone is also an effective inhibitor of growth of the fungus. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is produced by the central nervous system and inflammatory cells in a variety of inflammatory conditions in both animals and humans. View details for Web of Science ID 000230724800021. Birdseed agar improves culture specificity. Dig up the secrets of archaeology and learn the skills needed to succeed in this amazing field. The project was headed by Meg Harper, the director of PAST, and her husband Ross Harper, who has been field director and senior archaeologist at Webb-Deane-Stevens for PAST since the late 1990s . They were dating for 5 years after getting together in 1995 and were married in 2000. Hyphae produced in the presence of micafungin (0.01 microg/ml) and incubated again with micafungin for 24 h inhibited growth by 47%; combination with monocytes resulted in 62% inhibition. Histopathologic examinations showed acute meningitis of the brain and spinal cord, some parenchymal invasion and abscesses, and meningeal arteritis. The taxonomy of the genus Saccharomyces has undergone significant changes recently with the use of genotypic rather than phenotypic methods for the identification of strains to the species level. We hypothesize that the RCC became contaminated with these halophilic organisms from bicarbonate used to prepare dialysis fluid, and they persist despite cleaning and flushing procedures because of biofilm in machines and bicarbonate fluid inflow sites. In 10-day studies dosing uninfected mice, minor renal tubular changes occurred after AmBisome or Abelcet at 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg with or without cyclophosphamide treatment; nephrosis occurred only with Abelcet in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. For comparative purposes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microg/ml) was used to stimulate BAM in experiments similar to the above. Bronchial artery embolization rarely produces a permanent success, but may be useful as a temporizing procedure in patients with life-threatening hemoptysis. > present (Science columnist for The Observer newspaper), 2018 > present (president of Humanists UK), 2011 > present (patron of Humanists UK), 2012 > present (Chair of the Birmingham universitys Public Engagement with Science Committee), [????] In this symposium, the most important fungal pathogens that cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients, are considered, with emphasis on how recent experimental work may lead to a better understanding of the role of cytokines and their use in therapy. View details for DOI 10.3109/13693786.2010.497775, View details for Web of Science ID 000288327000026. Fifteen patients met the criteria for proven coccidioidal infection and disease refractory to previous therapy. The chemotherapy of fungal infection is also under study including the evaluation of agents in vitro; for their efficacy, pharmacology, and toxicology in animal models and in human disease. Less extreme but still significant differences in pseudohyphal formation were observed when the virulent and intermediate classes were compared with the avirulent class. Studies were done to develop a murine model that mimics the pattern of mucosal candidiasis followed by disseminated disease seen in patients given cytotoxic chemotherapy. Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine 2023 Elsevier B.V. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. Control BAM responded to increasing numbers of conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus with increasing production of IL-1 and TNF. Login Direct allelic variation scanning of the yeast genome. View the profiles of professionals named "David Stevens" on LinkedIn. Male New Zealand White rabbits were infected with 5 x 10(4) Coccidioides posadasii arthroconidia by direct cisternal puncture. Safety was evaluated on the basis of the occurrence of adverse events. The relative binding affinity that progesterone and its metabolites display for PBP correlates with the relative growth inhibitory potency of these compounds. All tested regimens of posaconazole were equivalent to those of amphotericin B and superior in prolonging survival and reducing CFU to those of itraconazole and caspofungin and to vehicle controls. In contrast to the findings with conidia, GM-CSF enhanced the production of IL-1 (5-fold) and TNF (1.5-fold) by LPS treated BAM. View details for DOI 10.1128/IAI.01185-07, View details for Web of Science ID 000253563500016, View details for Web of Science ID 000252221200001. Twenty-seven percent experienced possible symptomatic side effects, which resulted in 2 patients discontinuing therapy, and 42% had asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities, none of which were progressive. Here we examined the course of infection in male and female mice in relation to their hormonal status. Clinical aspergillosis for basic scientists, Conventional or molecular measurement of Aspergillus load, Molecular epidemiology of global Candida dubliniensis isolates utilizing genomic-wide, co-dominant, PCR-based markers for strain delineation. The ability to control numerous variables in performing the model allows us to mimic human disease states and quantitatively monitor the course of the disease. Thus, both itraconazole and fluconazole were effective at controlling CM, but neither eliminated Coccidioides from tissues. Stephens, a hairdresser based in Baltimore, took a trip to the Walters Art Museum back in 2001 . > present (Patron of the Natural Sciences Collections Association), [????] Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment increased PMN killing of Bd by PMN of young animals from 37 to 80%. Infection with Trichosporon beigelii is an uncommon cause of endocarditis. These effects were reproducible; medium dependent in extent; noted in macro- and microdilution, in the presence or absence of serum, and on agar containing drug (but not when drug concentrations were not constant, as in agar diffusion); not seen with other echinocandins and less commonly in other Candida species; and not due to destruction of drug in tubes showing the effect. D-optimal design was used to identify maximally informative sampling times for both conventional and intermittent regimens for future studies. In the absence of serum, with or without fungal stimulation, cytokine and chemokine production was more restricted, largely to TNF and IL-6. - LECTURER of medical students at Bristol University [Anatomy: of humans and other animals], [2012] - University of Birmingham [Professor of Public Engagement with Science], [2008] - University of Bristol [Ph.D.Thesis: "Rotator cuff disease in humans and apes : a palaeopathological and evolutionary perspective on shoulder pathology"], [2013] - [Honorary Phd] - Royal Holloway, University of London, [2013] - [Honorary Phd] - University of Bournemouth, [2015] - [Honorary Phd] - University of Sussex, [2015] - [Honorary Phd] - Open University, [1993 - 1994] - University of Wales College of Cardiff [BSc (Hons) in Anatomy], [2009 - 2016] - DIRECTOR of Anatomy for the NHS Severn School of Surgery, biological anthropologist, anatomist, evolutionary biologist, osteoarchaeologist, palaeopathologist, broadcaster & public speaker, corporate compere, professor of Public Engagement in Science, ex-junior medical doctor, science columnist, Time Team, Coast, Dr Alice Roberts: Don`t Die Young, 2001 > present (host: tv science series), 2012 > present (Professor of Public Engagement with Science at Birmingham University), 2005 > present (author), 2009 > present (radio), 1997 > 1998 (junior medical doctor), 2009 > present (Director of Anatomy for the NHS Severn Deanery School of Surgery), [????] These models have been used to determine efficacy of experimental therapeutics, comparative virulence of different isolates of Aspergillus, genes involved in virulence, and susceptibility to infection with Aspergillus. Alice Roberts boyfriend, husband list. To improve present results with antifungal drugs, modulation of the host immune response is being explored. Both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-treated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) had enhanced inhibition of hyphal growth. This study indicates that treatment of mallard ducks with VRC might require a dosing interval of at least every 8-12 h at a dose of 20 mg/kg, but further studies are necessary. Five infected and 3 sham-injected rabbits at each time point were euthanized 4, 9, 14 and 20 days post infection. All relationship and family history information shown on FameChain has been compiled from data in the public domain. Infection control did: Utility of dogs in health care settings and infection control aspects. However, when DEX was given 24 h before GM-CSF, DEX suppression of BAM was not reversed. We have recently noted tracheobronchitis in six patients with heart-lung and lung transplants, three of whom had deep mucosal ulceration and histologic evidence of invasive aspergillosis. Against isolates that show paradoxical growth in vitro, CAS was efficacious, but lacked dose responsiveness above 0.5 mg/kg against three of the four. Comparison of itraconazole and fluconazole treatments in a murine model of coccidioidal meningitis. On 16-19 January 2008, the Third Advances Against Aspergillosis Meeting took place in Miami Beach, FL, USA. This model can be used to compare newer antifungals and to study combination therapy or immunotherapy to find better therapeutic alternatives. We studied potential therapeutic options in a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis in triamcinolone-suppressed DBA/2 mice infected intranasally with conidia from Aspergillus fumigatus. All AmBi-, FLC-, or AMB-treated animals survived and had prolonged lengths of survival compared with those for the controls (P < 0.0001). Although groups of rabbits treated with AmBi regimens did not have significantly fewer animals with meningitis than the control group (P > 0.05), ABLC and AmBi were not significantly different. View details for Web of Science ID 000268147700021, Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a life-threatening infection. Hypokalaemia tended to be less severe in group A with a lower proportion of hypokalaemic days [57/143 (39 %) vs 80/137 (58 %), P=0.21], a higher AUC(POTASSIUM) (A : B ratio of 1.06, P=0.12), a lower proportion of patients with hypokalaemia at the end of study (10 vs 61 %, P=0.01) and fewer potassium-supplemented days [12/210 (6 %) vs 41/210 (19.5 %), P<0.1]. Many different types of animal models of fungal infection have been developed, with murine models the most frequently used, for studies of pathogenesis, virulence, immunology, diagnosis, and therapy. By the sandwich immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) method with anti-mouse MBL (MBL-A or -C), we showed that serum MBL bound to B. dermatitidis. A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.001, View details for Web of Science ID 000251151000002. Patients presenting with paraplegia had a poor outcome. Business Email. It focuses on the most clinically important diseases affecting humans and cites various examples of the different types of studies that have been performed. Affinity that progesterone and its metabolites display for PBP correlates with the relative growth inhibitory potency of these compounds (... 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